Mt Xia: Technical Consulting Group

Business Continuity / Disaster Recovery / High Availability
Data Center Automation / Audit Response / Audit Compliance

Additional documents of interest

  • Successful Business Continuity - Part 1 - Users and Groups
    This article was published in the April 2005 issue of AIX Update magazine and discusses system administration needs and requirements oriented around users and groups. The overall emphasis of this series of articles is for implementation of enterprise wide unique identifiers for a variety of parameters, such as user names, group names, UID and GID numbers.
  • Successful Business Continuity - Part 2 - Machine and Host Names
    This article was published in the May 2005 issue of AIX Update magazine and discusses naming structures for machines, systems, adapters, and aliases. The overall emphasis of this series of articles is for implementation of enterprise wide unique identifiers for a variety of parameters.
  • Successful Business Continuity - Part 3 - Volume Names
    This article was published in the December 2005 issue of AIX Update magazine and discusses naming structures for volume groups, logical volumes, log logical volumes, directory mount points, etc. The overall emphasis of this series of articles is for implementation of enterprise wide unique identifiers for a variety of parameters.
  • Successful Business Continuity - Part 4 - MQ Series, Startup/Shutdown Scripts, Error Processing
    This article was published in the April 2006 issue of AIX Update magazine and discusses how to implement AIX in an environment dedicated to business continuity. The topic of this article is the assignment of MQ Series queue names and aliases, resource group startup and shutdown script names (Application startup/shutdown script names), error logging, and error notification.
  • Successful Business Continuity - Part 5 - Miscellaneous topics
    This article was published in the August 2006 issue of AIX Update magazine and discusses how to implement AIX in an environment dedicated to business continuity. A variety of topics is discussed in this article including automated documentation generation and management.
  • Automated Microcode Management System
    One of the most difficult administration tasks in an AIX environment is attempting to keep the firmware and microcode up-to-date. Mt Xia has devised an automated method of gathering the Microcode information, determining which microcode needs to be updated, generating reports, and uploading the required microcode updates to each individual system.
  • Calculating the size of a Virtual Processor
    This document describes the algorithms used to calculate the size of a virtual processor when using shared processors in an LPAR. The IBM documentation describes how to calculate CPU utilization, NOT how to size for configuration, this document clarifies this process. A description of the HMC input fields for the processor tab is included.
  • Basics of Partition Load Manager Setup
    This presentation was provided by Ron Barker from IBM regarding the PLM Basic setup.
  • ppt
  • pdf
  • Workload Manager for AIX 5L Standards

    This document describes the Workload Manager implementation standards on AIX version 5 machines only.

    For WLM implementation on AIX version 4.3.3.0 systems, see the AIX 4.3.3.0 WLM standards document.

    The workload manager (WLM) shall be implemented on all AIX systems. On most systems WLM will be running in "passive" mode, which does not limit resources. In Mt Xia's environment, only a few selected systems will have WLM implemented in "active" mode to control and regulate resources. If there is any question as to whether WLM should be implemented in "active" or "passive" mode, default to "passive".

    The WLM provides a mechanism to classify and segment resources by process, user, group, etc. The classification scheme must be constructed by the AIX system administrator. This WLM classification scheme in the Mt Xia environment is based on the concept of the Resource Group. Each Resource Group will be represented in WLM as a class. Multiple instances of an application within a single resource group shall be represented in WLM as subclasses.

    In order to configure WLM, the system administrator must first define the resource groups names. Once the resource group names have been defined, then a WLM class must be defined using the resource group name as the WLM class name.


    To define a new WLM class using smitty, start smitty using the "wlm" fastpath.

    smitty wlm
    


    Select "Add a class" to define a new WLM class.

                                    Workload Manager
    
    Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
    
      Manage time-based configuration sets
      
      Work on alternate configurations
      Work on a set of Subclasses
      Show current focus (Configuration, Class Set)
      
      List all classes
      Add a class
      Change / Show Characteristics of a class
      Remove a class
      Class assignment rules
    
      Start/Stop/Update WLM
      Assign/Unassign processes to a class/subclass
    
    


    Enter the resource group name as the WLM class name, and provide a description of this WLM class. The Tier level will normally be 0 (zero) unless there is a specific reason to change this. The "Resource Set Inheritance" value will normally be set to "Yes".

    The user and group values will be dependent upon the nature of the resource group. It may be desirable to specify a non-root user and group that is permitted to administer the WLM class and/or assign processes to the class. This will have to be determined on a resource group by resource group basis. If this information is unknown, default to "root" for the user values and "system" for the group values.

    
                           General characteristics of a class
    
    Type or select values in entry fields.
    Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
      
                                                             [Entry Fields]
    * Class name                                             [egapdtu1]
      Description                                            [EGATE Production Database for Mt Xia, Instance 0]
      Tier                                                   [0]
      Resource Set                                          
      Inheritance                                            [Yes]
      User authorized to assign its processes to this class  [oracle]
      Group authorized to assign its processes to this class [dba]
      User authorized to administrate this class             [root]
      (Superclass only) 
      Group authorized to administrate this class            [system]
      (Superclass only)
      Localshm                                               [No]
    


    Class rules are used to determine which processes are assigned to which WLM classes and the order of the rules is significant. The first rule that matches is used to determine the WLM class assignment, so the class rules should be ordered from highly specific to less specific.

    To define WLM class rules using smitty, start smitty using the "wlm" fastpath.

    smitty wlm
    


    Select "Class assignment rules" to define a new WLM class.

                                    Workload Manager
    
    Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
    
      Manage time-based configuration sets
      
      Work on alternate configurations
      Work on a set of Subclasses
      Show current focus (Configuration, Class Set)
      
      List all classes
      Add a class
      Change / Show Characteristics of a class
      Remove a class
      Class assignment rules
    
      Start/Stop/Update WLM
      Assign/Unassign processes to a class/subclass
    
    


    Select "Class assignment rules" to define a new WLM class rule.

                                 Class assignment rules
    
    Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
    
      List all Rules
      Create a new Rule
      Change / Show Characteristics of a Rule
      Delete a Rule 
      Attribute value groupings
    
    


    In the following example, a rule is defined to assign all processes owned by oracle or the group dba to the the WLM class "egapdtu1". Again the order of the rules is important. The rules should be ranked in order of highly specific, starting at 1, to less specific.

                                   Create a new Rule
    
    Type or select values in entry fields.
    Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
      
                                                            [Entry Fields]
    * Order of the rule                                  [1]
    * Class name                                          [egapdtu1
    * User                                               [oracle]
    * Group                                              [dba]
      Application                                        [-]
      Type                                               [-]
      Tag                                                [-]
    
    


    To define a new WLM subclass using smitty, start smitty using the "wlm" fastpath.

    smitty wlm
    


    Select "Add a class" to define a new WLM subclass.

                                    Workload Manager
    
    Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
    
      Manage time-based configuration sets
      
      Work on alternate configurations
      Work on a set of Subclasses
      Show current focus (Configuration, Class Set)
      
      List all classes
      Add a class
      Change / Show Characteristics of a class
      Remove a class
      Class assignment rules
    
      Start/Stop/Update WLM
      Assign/Unassign processes to a class/subclass
    
    


    When defining a subclass, again enter the resource group name, followed by a period (.) followed by the name of the subclass to create. The Tier level will normally be 1 (one) for a subclass, unless there is a specific reason to change this. The "Resource Set Inheritance" value will normally be set to "Yes".

    The user and group values will be dependent upon the nature of the resource group. It may be desirable to specify a non-root user and group that is permitted to administer the WLM class and/or assign processes to the class. This will have to be determined on a resource group by resource group basis. If this information is unknown, default to "root" for the user values and "system" for the group values.

    
                           General characteristics of a class
    
    Type or select values in entry fields.
    Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
      
                                                             [Entry Fields]
    * Class name                                             [egapdtu1.oracleex511]
      Description                                            [EGATE Production Database for Mt Xia, Instance 511]
      Tier                                                   [1]
      Resource Set                                          
      Inheritance                                            [Yes]
      User authorized to assign its processes to this class  [oracle]
      Group authorized to assign its processes to this class [dba]
      User authorized to administrate this class             [root]
      (Superclass only) 
      Group authorized to administrate this class            [system]
      (Superclass only)
      Localshm                                               [No]
    


    To define a class rule for a subclass requires an additional step. First select a set of WLM subclasses to work on, then define the rule. To define a rule for a WLM subclass using smitty, start smitty using the "wlm" fastpath.

    smitty wlm
    


    Select "Work on a set of Subclasses" to select the subclass for which to define a rule.

                                    Workload Manager
    
    Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
    
      Manage time-based configuration sets
    
      Work on alternate configurations
      Work on a set of Subclasses
      Show current focus (Configuration, Class Set)
    
      List all classes
      Add a class
      Change / Show Characteristics of a class
      Remove a class
      Class assignment rules
    
      Start/Stop/Update WLM
      Assign/Unassign processes to a class/subclass
    
    


    Select the WLM class that contains the subclass for which the rule will be defined, press enter, then return to the main WLM menu.

                                Select a Superclass or -
    
    Type or select values in entry fields.
    Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
      
                                                            [Entry Fields]
    * Superclass name                                    [egapdtu1]
    
    


    Select "Class assignment rules" to define a new WLM subclass rule.

                                    Workload Manager
    
    Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
    
      Manage time-based configuration sets
      
      Work on alternate configurations
      Work on a set of Subclasses
      Show current focus (Configuration, Class Set)
      
      List all classes
      Add a class
      Change / Show Characteristics of a class
      Remove a class
      Class assignment rules
    
      Start/Stop/Update WLM
      Assign/Unassign processes to a class/subclass
    
    


    Select "Class assignment rules" to define a new WLM subclass rule.

                                 Class assignment rules
    
    Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
    
      List all Rules
      Create a new Rule
      Change / Show Characteristics of a Rule
      Delete a Rule 
      Attribute value groupings
    
    


    In the following example, a rule is defined to assign all processes owned by oracle or the group dba to the the WLM subclass "egapdtu1.oracleex511". Again the order of the rules is important. The rules should be ranked in order of highly specific, starting at 1, to less specific.

                                   Create a new Rule
    
    Type or select values in entry fields.
    Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
      
                                                            [Entry Fields]
    * Order of the rule                                  [1]
    * Class name                                          oracleex511
    * User                                               [oracle]
    * Group                                              [dba]
      Application                                        [-]
      Type                                               [-]
      Tag                                                [-]
    
    


    After all classes, subclasses, and rules have been defined, start WLM.

    smitty wlm
    


    Select "Work on a set of Subclasses" to select the subclass for which to define a rule.

                                    Workload Manager
    
    Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
    
      Manage time-based configuration sets
    
      Work on alternate configurations
      Work on a set of Subclasses
      Show current focus (Configuration, Class Set)
    
      List all classes
      Add a class
      Change / Show Characteristics of a class
      Remove a class
      Class assignment rules
    
      Start/Stop/Update WLM
      Assign/Unassign processes to a class/subclass
    
    


    Select "Start Workload Manager"

                                 Start/Stop/Update WLM
    
    Move cursor to desired item and press Enter.
    
      Start Workload Manager
      Update Workload Manager
      Stop Workload Manager
      Show WLM status
    
    


    For the options on this page, select the "current" configuration set, choose the "Passive" management mode, and choose "Both" for the start option.

                                 Start Workload Manager
    
    Type or select values in entry fields.
    Press Enter AFTER making all desired changes.
      
                                                            [Entry Fields]
    * Configuration, or for a set: set name/currently     current
          applicable configuration
      Management mode                                     Passive
      Enforce Resource Set bindings                       Yes
      Disable class total limits on resource usage        Yes
      Disable process total limits on resource usage      Yes
      Start now, at next boot, or both ?                  Both
    
    


    Any subsequent changes to the WLM configuration will require that WLM be stopped and restarted in order for the changes to take effect.


    An example WLM configuration of the EGATE Production Database server for Mt Xia follows. The "standard" WLM configuration for this machine contains a single WLM class called "egapdtu1". It is important to recognize that the "standard" WLM configuration will be different for every machine. The term "standard" is used in reference to the local machine, this is not enterprise wide terminology used here.

  • bosapega01:/etc/wlm/standard/classes
    System:
    
    Default:
    
    Shared:
    
    egapdtu1:
            description = "Oracle Concurrent"
            inheritance = "yes"
            authuser = "oracle"
            authgroup = "dba"
            adminuser = "root"
            admingroup = "system"
    

  • The class rules associated with this "standard" configuration assign any processes owned by "oracle" or by the group "dba" to the WLM class "egapdtu1". All processes owned by "root" are assigned to the class "System", and all other processes are assigned to the class "Default".

  • bosapega01:/etc/wlm/standard/rules
    *class    resvd   user    group   application     type    tag
    egapdtu1  -       oracle  dba     -               -       -       
    System    -       root    -       -               -       -       
    Default   -       -       -       -               -       -       
    

  • Multiple subclasses are defined for the class "egapdtu1". These subclasses are intended to segment the processes by oracle instance. The definition of subclasses will be customized for each individual resource group.

  • bosapega01:/etc/wlm/standard/egapdtu1/classes
    Default:
    
    Shared:
    
    oracleex011:
            description = "Instance ex011"
            tier   = 1
            inheritance = "yes"
            authuser = "oracle"
            authgroup = "dba"
    
    oracleex061:
            description = "Instance ex061"
            tier   = 1
            inheritance = "yes"
            authuser = "oracle"
            authgroup = "dba"
    
    oracleex071:
            description = "Instance ex071"
            tier   = 1
            inheritance = "yes"
            authuser = "oracle"
            authgroup = "dba"
    
    oracleexa11:
            description = "Instance a11"
            tier   = 1
            inheritance = "yes"
            authuser = "oracle"
            authgroup = "dba"
    
    oracleex031:
            description = "Instance ex031"
            tier   = 1
            inheritance = "yes"
            authuser = "oracle"
            authgroup = "dba"
    
    oracleex041:
            description = "Instance ex041"
            tier   = 1
            inheritance = "yes"
            authuser = "oracle"
            authgroup = "dba"
    
    oracleex051:
            description = "Instance ex051"
            tier   = 1
            inheritance = "yes"
            authuser = "oracle"
            authgroup = "dba"
    
    

  • The rules associated with each subclass of the class "egapdtu1" associate all processes owned by "oracle" or the group "dba" to the subclass. In this instance the processes are not automatically assigned to subclasses by WLM, instead they are assigned by the oracle startup script.

  • bosapega01:/etc/wlm/standard/egapdtu1/rules
    *class          resvd   user    group   application     type    tag
    oracleex011     -       oracle  -       -               -       -       
    oracleex031     -       oracle  -       -               -       -       
    oracleex041     -       oracle  -       -               -       -       
    oracleex051     -       oracle  -       -               -       -       
    oracleex061     -       oracle  -       -               -       -       
    oracleex071     -       oracle  -       -               -       -       
    oracleexa11     -       oracle  -       -               -       -       
    
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    WLM AIX 5
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